Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding proteins in obese pregnant women and their babies: Potential effects on placental function and fetal growth

Introduction: The placenta expresses significant amounts of insulin and IGF1 receptors at distinct locations on both fetal maternal surfaces. This makes the receptor accessible to and/or insulin, IGF2. IGFs are involved in receptor-mediated regulation placental growth transport, angiogenesis. Maternal obesity during gestation mediates changes metabolism mothers, placentas as well growth. Objectives: In obese women. role like factor system IGFs, IGF receptors, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) IGFBP proteases gestation, their effect anthropometric need further clarification. this update we reviewed literature detected relation function newborn size pregnant mothers. Eighteen research articles fitted criteria update. Results: Twenty-three papers were including 2817 non-obese women (controls) babies selected reviewed. Results showed that excessive nutrient intake increase IGF1and decreases IGBP1. Increased its availability due decreased IGFBP1 can (weight) development placenta, stimulate mTOR signaling which stimulates protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, upregulate specific amino acid transporter isoforms (amino acids transport), GLUT-1, (glucose transport) possibly lipid transport fetus induce secretion lead overgrowth. Conclusions: pregnancy, increased level acids, glucose fatty acids.